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ӹ (20031124 18:48)


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Official Name: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

϶̻ƺʿλĹչͬɡ꣱£գԺͨ취һȷ˹ڹϵλáݸ÷콫λڹ룬ɫɫʿߺͺɫ֮䡣

գɫһǺ͵Ⱦɣֱδ塢ڽ̡Աȡ

Ȼλڷ޶½ͬ뼪ᡢϺΪڣյ磬ǽɽظԭΪ󲿷ǸԭСݼ֮ơº͡ϺͶиɺɳĮ

Location: Located in eastern Africa, Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the southeast, Djibouti to the east, Sudan to the west and Kenya to the south. It has a generally temperate climate, but drought is a frequent problem in the desert areas of the southeast and northeast.

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Area: 1,133,380 sq. km.

land use - 13% cropland, 41% permanent pasture; 25% forest and woodland, 21% other; arable land per capita - 0.7 acre; land borders - 5,197 km.

ˡڣˣ꣩

ܶȣÿƽˣ꣩˿ռʡ꣩ƽ꣨꣩

Population: 62,565,000 (2000)

density - 55 inhabs per sq. km. (2000); urban pop. - 14.7%; population growth rate - 2.9% per year (2000); avg. life expectancy - 53.8 years (2000).

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Capital: Addis Ababa; population - more than 3 million (2000)

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Time: 3 hours earlier than GMT; 5 hours later than Beijing Time.

ԣķΪٷԣͨӢҪаĪķ

Language: The official language is Amharic; English is also widely spoken.

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Ethnic Composition: Oromo - 40%; Amhara and Tigrean - 32%; Sidamo - 9%; Somali - 6%; Shankella - 6%; Afar - 4%; Gurage - 2%; other - 1%.

ڡ̣ľŷ˹̣ŷ̣ŷԭʼڽ̣ŷڽ̡

Religion: Moslim - 45-50%; Ethiopian Orthodox - 35-40%; animist - 12%; other - 5%.

ңDZȶƱȶȶ֣Ԫȶꣲ£

Currency: 1 Birr=100 Cents; 1 U. S. Dollar = 8.4 Birrs (Feb. 2001)

ڡգ꣩ʥڣ£գԽڣ£գսۼգ£գڣ£գҮգ£գںһ£գһڣ£գʤգ£գºĬµգ£գ꣨£գիڣ£գ

Holidays (2001): Jan. 7 (Christmas); Jan. 19 (Epiphany); Mar. 2 (Battle of Adowa); Mar. 6 (idal-adha- Feast of the Sacrifice), Apr. 13 (Good Friday); Apr. 16 (Easter Monday); May 1 (May Day); May 5 (Victory Day); June 4 (Mouloud - Birth of the Prophet); Sep. 11 (New Year's Day); Dec. 17 (Id al-Fitr- end of Ramadan).

ݣܷȫΪŸݺ׶ǵ˹DZ͡ŸݷֱΪ

Tigrap

Afar

ķ Amhara

Ī Oromia

Somali

ɽŶ Benshangul

Ϸ South Ethiopia People's Autonomous Region

ʱ Gambela

Harar

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Major Cities:

Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Harar, Gondar, Nazret, Mekele, Jimma, Dessie, Bahir Dar (Bahar Dar), Debre Zeit.

Σܷ涨εĻʵƺڸƣ齨ӣԾȨͷȨʵعƲչɾõȡ

꣱£ѡٲͨ͹ܷݰʹ֮ΪʷϵIJܷ涨ڹھЧ꣱£գִİٿڶȫᣬȷѷչΪҪ񣬲ͨˡƽͷչƻµ³̡£գ״ζ൳μӵȫ͵طѡ١£գԺ״λ飬գԺϯ飬ͨԣ氣͹ʽܷͬʱʽЧͬգԭŲϯڼﵱѡΪ͹ͳľְգͳ÷˹άľ͹󡣰ѡ¹͹ij־ŹιڵʽĹΪơ

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Brief History

ǾǧʷĹŹԪǰͣŬԪǰ󰢿ķǵ۹ֳưķͽͳѳ๫꣬ܰ˶Ƶۣͳһȫǵ˹DZͣ춨ִǽ򡣣֣䡰갣Ӵ£ⱻȳϰ꺣ǻΪ꣱£գΪһʵۡ꣹£գһ׳ٷƷƣʱжίԱᡱꣲ£Ÿ˹ͼķУ䡣꣹£Ÿ˹ͼĹΪ͹ꣵ£գȨƷ³ߡϯ÷˹άιͳ꣱£ܻܷͨ涨͹дѡڽܷʽЧ

Ethiopia is an ancient country with a history of more than 3,000 years. In the third century B.C., the Aksumitic Empire was established. In 13th century an Abyssinian State came into being. Portugal and Britain occupied Ethiopia afterwards. In 1890, the Italian forces took control of Ethiopia and made the country an Italian protectorate. Ethiopia's army defeated Italian forces in Mar. 1896, and Italy was forced to recognize Ethiopian independence. In Nov. 1930, Haile Sellassie I was enthroned as Emperor. In 1974, the armed forces deposed the Emperor and a Provisional Military Administrative Council headed by Aman Andom was formed. At the same time, the junta abolished the constitution and dissolved the parliament. After Mengistu Haile Mariam took power in a coup, the Provisional Military Administrative Council headed by Mengistu exercised ultimate power proclaimed the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in September 1987. In May 1991 Mengistu's regime was overthrown and a transitional government was established in July with Meles Zanawi, the Chairman of the EPRDF, as interim president of the transitional government. In December, the Constituent Assembly ratified the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which went into effect in May, 1995, when general elections were held and the transtitional period ended.




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