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ӹ (20031124 17:09)


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Official Name: Canada

ɺ졢סɫɡɫΪֱΣɫΪΡɫһƬǵĺɫҶɫʾ̫ƽʹ󣬰ɫʾôĹɫҶʾסƬϵļô

National Flag: The National Flag (proportions 2 by 1) consists of a red maple leaf on a white field, flanked by red panels.

գƶΪһöܻաϻʨոʨ٣ٺϻҶʨͽôӢйϵٺϻ뷨ĹϵҶΪôרб־ܻнʨӢ죬ôΪӢԱҲʨβ޺Ͱٺϻ죬뷨ĹϵܻնнɫͷͷڵʨԼڵһսмô鱦ʥ»ɫڣӢŮǼôĹԪסܻ·ɰ׻ݺͷɫٺϻеɫδдšӴ󺣵󺣡ļôԡ

ô󣨣ꣷ£գôΪʽ裩ϵ۱Ů̸裩

ҶôԷΪֱ鼰ȫСҶ

ܡôΪֹûһܷҪڸͬʷʱܷͨɣҪӢڣͨġе߱ΪܷܷԼôȨ¡ôƶķҲܷһҪ桱Դ磬ô߷ԺķɺġȨЩ˾ͶܷʵʩҪӰ죬Ϊ͸ʡ֮Ȩ档ԣͨеܷ߱γɴԱ־ôڴں⽻ԽԽȨʡĹϵҲԽԽȨڣͨġôܷдﵽ㣬ԴˣӢὫԼôܷĿȨȫƽ˼ô󡣡ܷ涨ʵƣӢΪӹԪףܶӢΪٷԡּܷΪ˺ƽõ

Constitution: The "living" Constitution of Canada cannot be found in a single document. It consists of a series of written documents, judicial pronouncements, "unwritten" customs and usages, and other sources. Of the written documents, by far the most important are the British North America Act (later renamed the Constitution Act), passed by the British Parliament in 1867, its amendments, the Constitution Act of 1982, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Canadian statutes also form an important "written" source of the Constitution (for example, the laws establishing the Supreme Court of Canada and the original Canadian "Bill of Rights"). Judicial interpretation of these statutes has had a profound effect on constitutional practice, notably on the division of powers between the federal government and the provinces. Since the passage of the British North America Act in 1867, two trends have marked the evolution of the Constitution: Canada has assumed ever-greater autonomy in conducting internal and external affairs, and the provinces have assumed ever greater powers in dealing with the federal government. These two trends culminated in the Constitution Act of Apr. 17, 1982, by which legal control of the Constitution passed from the British Parliament to Canada itself.

Canada is a federal parliamentary state. Under the Constitution Act 1982, executive power is vested in the British monarch, as Head of State, and exercised in her name by a Governor-General and Privy Council.

Ȼôڶλô˰˹Ӱ뵺͸֮ޱ벿̫ƽϲرγͬʥ˹κ磬ͬİ˹ݽﱱȦΪشΪƵɽǼôߵĵɽںΣϡΪȺϵɽвΪƽԭɽ壬λɽΣסҪʥ˹ӣ̫ӣɶѷӣЩӣӣױǺӺպӡЩȫдܺū׺ԺȣϺĹ֮һӰ죬󲿷ֵ½´Ҷ򡣶ԵͣƽˮΪסϲСºʪ꽵ˮΪסΪ̦ԭһ¶ڣϡȺϺ´ϣµ£ȡ

Location: The second-largest country in the world, Canada stretches across the northern part of North America, excluding Alaska and Greenland. It extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific, and its southern border with the United States is formed along the upper St. Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes, proceeding west along the 49th parallel. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north and has a northwestern boundary with Alaska. The climate is an extreme one, particulary inland. Winter temperatures drop well below freezing but summers are generally hot. Rainfall varies from moderate to light and there are heavy falls of snow.

ƽ

áռռɭֵֺռռ˾ءӢĶ߳죩½߳

Area: 9,970,610 sq. km.

Land use- 4.6% cropland; 2.8% permanent pasture; 36.2% forests and woodland; 56.4% other; arable land per capita- 4.4 acres; coastline- 243,791 km. (includes islands); land borders- 8,893 km.

ˡڣˣ

ܶȡÿƽˣ˿ռʣƽ꣨

Population: 31,147,000 (2000).

Density- 3.1 inhabits. per sq. km. (2000); urban pop.- 78.1% (1995); growth rate per year- 1.0% (2000-2010); avg. life expectancy- 79.0 years (2000-2010).

ס̫˿ڣˣ

Capital: Ottawa, pop. 1030,000 (1996)

ʱȸʱСʱȱʱСʱ

Time: 5 hours later than GMT; 13 hours later than Beijing Time.

ԣӢͷΪٷԡ

Language: English and French are the official languages.

Ӣռռŷ˺ռӡڰ˺Ͱ˹Ħռռ

Ethnic Composition: British- 40%; French- 27%; other European- 20%; indigenous Indian and Eskimo- 1.5%; other- 11.5%.

ڡ̣ռϽ̻ռӢʥռռ

Religion: Roman Catholic- 46%; United Church- 16%; Anglican- 10%; other- 28%.

ңôԪƣԪ=֣ԪԪꣳ£

Currency: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents; 1 U.S. dollar = Can$1.513 (Mar. 1999)

ڡգ꣩꣨£գҮգ£գںһ£գôգ£գ͹գ£գʥڣ£գգ£գ

Holidays (2001): Jan. 1 (New Year). Apr.13 (Good Friday). Apr.16 (Easter Monday), Jul. 1 (Canada Day), Sep.3 (Labour Day), Dec. 25 (Christmas Day), Dec. 26 (Boxing Day).

ȫ裱ʡͣ

Administrative Districts: 10 Provinces and 2 Territories.

ʡ(ʡ)

ʡɶ٣Alberta (Edmonton)

е߸ױʡάǣBritish Columbia (Victoria)

аʡᲮManitoba (Winnipeg)

²ʡ׵˶٣New Brunswick (Fredericton)

ŦʡʥԼ˹Newfoundland (Saint John's)

˹ʡ˹Nova Scotia (Halifax)

ʡ׶ࣩOntario (Toronto)

»ӵʡضأPrince Edward Island

(Charlotte town)

ʡˣQuebee (Quebec)

˹ʡɣSaskatchewan (Regina).

ء׸

ҮηNorthwest Territories (Yellowknife)

յػ˹Yukon Territory (whitehorse)

ҪУ¸绪̫׶ࡢɶ١Ხˡܶ١ɡ׶ء˹ɯάǡ

Major Cities: Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Quebec, Hamilton, Kitchener, London, Halifax, Windsor, Victoria.




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